Viral Versus Bacterial Infections

Illnesses ranging from mild viral infections to more serious bacterial conditions become increasingly common during the colder months in northwest Ohio, including Toledo.  

Recognizing the difference between these infections is key to getting the right treatment and staying healthy. 

At ProMedica Toledo Hospital Emergency and Urgent Care, we’re dedicated to helping you navigate these challenges and providing the care you need, close to home. 

What are viral infections? 

Viral infections are caused by viruses—tiny agents that invade living cells to replicate. In Ohio, viral illnesses like the flu, common cold and viral sore throats are especially prevalent during the colder months. These infections spread quickly in schools, workplaces and public spaces, making prevention essential. 

Common symptoms of viral infections include a runny nose, sore throat, fatigue and mild fever. While most viral illnesses resolve on their own within 10 to 14 days, severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or a high fever lasting more than three days, may require medical attention. 

What are bacterial infections? 

Bacterial infections, on the other hand, are caused by single-celled organisms that can reproduce independently. In Ohio, common bacterial infections include strep throat, bacterial sinus infections, urinary tract infections and ear infections. Skin infections like cellulitis and impetigo, which cause redness and swelling, are also examples. 

Certain factors, such as a weakened immune system or chronic health conditions, can increase your risk of developing bacterial infections. 

How To Tell the Difference 

While viral and bacterial infections can share similar symptoms, there are key differences. Viral infections often develop gradually, such as a cold that starts with a scratchy throat and progresses to a cough and stuffy nose. Bacterial infections, however, tend to appear suddenly and with more intensity. For instance, strep throat can cause a severe sore throat and high fever that come on quickly. 

Treatment also varies significantly. Viral infections typically resolve on their own, while bacterial infections often require antibiotics. It’s important to only take antibiotics when prescribed by a doctor to prevent antibiotic resistance, which occurs when bacteria evolve and no longer respond to treatment. 

When To Seek Care at ProMedica Toledo Hospital Emergency and Urgent Care 

Some viral infections can develop into bacterial infections, so it’s important to seek medical attention if your symptoms worsen after several days or include difficulty breathing, severe pain or a very high fever. 

You should also visit us if you experience: 

• A stiff neck, severe headache or persistent vomiting. 

• A skin infection with swelling or pus. 

• Symptoms of a bacterial infection, such as a sudden high fever or severe sore throat. 

At ProMedica Toledo Hospital Emergency and Urgent Care, we understand how overwhelming it can be to manage illness, especially during the busy winter months. That’s why we’re dedicated to providing the highest level of care. Whether you’re dealing with a lingering cold, a sudden infection or something more serious, you can trust us to help you feel better, faster, and only pay for the level of service you receive – either ER or urgent care.  

The emergency department is open 24/7 and the urgent care clinic is open from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. daily. You don't need an appointment. All walk-ins are welcome. 

ProMedica Toledo Hospital Emergency and Urgent Care is located at 1075 Medical Center Parkway, Maumee, Ohio 43537. Stay safe and healthy this winter season.